Python Classes and Objects

Classes and objects are fundamental concepts in object-oriented programming (OOP). A class is a blueprint for creating objects, and an object is an instance of a class.

Defining a Class

You can define a class in Python using the class keyword, followed by the class name and a colon. For example:

class Person:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

Creating Objects

To create an object of a class, you use the class name followed by parentheses. You can also pass arguments to the class's constructor (the __init__ method) to initialize the object. For example:

person1 = Person('Alice', 30)
person2 = Person('Bob', 25)

Accessing Object Attributes

You can access an object's attributes using dot notation. For example, to access the nameattribute of person1:

print(person1.name)  # Output: 'Alice'

Methods

Classes can also have methods, which are functions that belong to the class. For example, adding a method to Person to print the person's information:

class Person:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def info(self):
        print(f'{self.name} is {self.age} years old')

You can then call this method on a Person object:

person1.info()  # Output: 'Alice is 30 years old'

Conclusion

Classes and objects are essential concepts in OOP, allowing you to create reusable and organized code. By understanding how to define classes, create objects, and work with attributes and methods, you can leverage the power of OOP in your Python programs.